Space telegraphy.



,908.. PATENTED JAN. 8, 1907;..

swABoT.

SPACE TELBGRAPHY.

APrLIGATIQN FILED Now/.18,1905

` SSHEETSjSHI-IET l..

' No. 84o

No.840,908. PATENTED' JAN'. 8, 1907.

S# CAB'OT.

SPACE TELEGrRAPI-IY. PPPPPPPPPPPPPPPPP ov.1,1905.

.f3 SHEETS-` SSSSSS u. v' ,1 l:l 1.* n Je l2. HHN 'failli 2f l LE- {VIVEN-fm- No. 840,900.. PATENTED JAN. a, 1907. s. CABQT.

SPACE TELEGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED NOV. 18, 1905.

e SHEETS-SHEET 5.l

No. 840,908. PATENTED JAN. v8, 1907.

' js. GABOT.

SPACE TBLBGRAPHY.

APPLICATION FILED N^OV.18, 1905.

' e'vsHBETs-'SHEET a.

downwardmovement of said key' the 'said SEWA'Lrifciioin i Tad/ ZZ t may con/cervi,.-l

UNITEDSTAWENT OFFICE l c TELEGRAPH yAND 'TELEPHONE coixneANr,- OF BOSTON, --sETTs A' cOnPORA'riON .OE'MMNE. i

MASSAOHU# 'j sPAe TELEenAPl-w."

mageos.

ltp'ecatikon of Letters yPatent;

yPatented. Jan. 8 5 1907.

Be it known that I, SEwALL Canon a-citi zenof the United States, 'and a resident/of Brookl`ine, in the county ofblorfolkand-Statev of Massachusetts, have invented anew and useful Improvement in Space Telegraphy, 'of

- which thev followin isa specification. f

My invention re at'es to the art of transmittjn intelligence from one station to an'.

' operationof other y' A means of electromagnetic waves without theuse of-Wires' to 'guide the Waves to their destination; and itI relates more par- 'cularly to a complete system for transmitting and receiving such waves-'- The o'bj'ect of the present invention is to provide a system whereby .thewell-known,` breaking" suchas used. to-day in wire-telegraph traffic, and especially in du-l pleX and' quadrupleX- Systems may be api plied to the handling -of wireless-telegraph trailic.

With this Obj ect in view my invention coinprises arece'iving system connected to an ele- .i vated.transmitting-conductor'systemv at a mitting system has practlc Med. 'ment ofthepoint which during the operation 'ofthe transllymero potential lto ground; and it further comprises a key prowith means 'Wnerebyat the commence#y downwardmo'vementof saidjkey the 'receiver'is'rendered.:inoperat1ve, 'the re.-

ed;-I and -'the transmitting system is connected.

u l to earthy vthereby automatically putting said transmitting systemgin'.'condition'forl transmitting, .whereby at thev completion of the transmittings stem is energized, fwhereby at.'

i the `commencement" of thea'upwardr move-l ment'oflsaid key' the transmit-ting system is.

dering the `receiver operative..

'my invention denergized, and, finally, whereby'. subsequently to such deenergization theireceivingg vsystem is put in condition-'for receiving by' y lisconne ct,ing .the transmitt1ng-system-from earth,v automat; ally openingthe short cir-l cuit around thereceivingyste'm,v 'and renippria'it filed Nvember 18,1905. serian. z'aosa view ofone form of key and associated appa,

1 ratus`- which in practice I havefound well suited for performing in the desired order the series of functions h ereinbeforelset forth.-

Fig. 3 is a side elevation of the; key shown inFig. 2 withthe contact devicefor control-v ling the relay 1" omitted for the sake of clearne'ss. Fig. is a Vsection taken on the`line 4 4 4.o f Fig. 2 looking in the directionfof the arrow andl showingin end -view the contacts for controlling the relay r.- Qo'n the line 5 5 of Fig. 2 looking in the-direction, of the arrow and showing in end view :the contacts for rendering .the oscillation-responder inoperativewhen the key is in ab-y normal ypositlon. 'Fig. 6 represents a view similar .to Fi 5 and shows a modification lof the means w "ereby the oscillation-responder OF. BROOKLINE, MASSACHUSETTS. ASSIGNOR To STONE i i' Myiiivention may best be understood yby 55 I Fig. 5 is a section taken' isrendered.inoperative during the abnormal position 'of theis'en'ding-key. Fig. 7 is a diagram representing an organization of appa.

vratus and'circuits whereby the hereinbeforestatedobjectsof `my invention may be car- .riedfintoeflect Fig.-8 is a view simi-lar to 1 'Figs'' and 6 andshows a concrete embodinient of the means'diagrammatically shown -in- Fig.- 7 for rendering the oscillation-responder' inoperatiye during the abnormal po.- si ion of the key', andFig. 9 is Aa concrete em-4 b diment of the. device conventionally illusV tratedin Fig. llfor4 disturbing the electrical lequilibrium. offthe s'onorous circuit'S C I1'.

' Inthe, figures, C Cl C C1;C 2 C are'condensers; Lis an nductance=coil. a transformer ondarygwindn s Ilan spatially relate yof large magnetic leakage. The spatial sep.-

arationis herein-'shown for the sake of clearness as atransverse separation, althoughin :trnsformer. adapted to raise thepotential whose primary and .secl d yI2 arepreferablyl so i oc as to produce a transformer number of y conductors.

` electrode.

. indicatmgdevic'e.

` im-pressef'l upon its primary Winding lto a.'

' so spatially related astogpre'dnc a trans'v4 v formen of'. large I'fina netic v leakage. HereA aratif'an,` although in Ypractice the separation 4 P is'- an oscillation-'responder oi any suit- 4transmitting 'operator has finished o sending :the lmessage and then notifyinghim that .a

` involvedin" arranging 45 J :Well as the differences between said circuit ness-of the oscillation-responder', rrenderat'he orestated objects y"byimeans of-a Sendingkey or yother sending vdevice 'providedwith s auxiliary mechanisms whereby the vkey `or i sending 'device erforrnsr a series of functionsv i ing the Aresponder inoperative'fat the begin--, 6o

and 'connecting the transmitting'system lto 6 5 showniin Fig. .'1 the receiver or responderist very high potential 1n its .secondary windin Iz. Mfisa `transformer whose primary an secondary windings I. '1 and l2 are preferably 'again the separation oi the coils is for` the purpose of clearness shown as a transverse sepis vpreferably axial.

S s are spark-gaps. y I V is ajvertical consistingof one orany' '5E E are earth connections. "F 'F are fuses.

able kind and herein 'illustrated as an electrof lytic-cell the anode of which is a Wollaston.

T isv a telephone or other suitable 'signal-i' portionof th'e message had nottbeenunderg. stood.' In Wire'telegra hy, especially as developed in the 'practica operation of. they dupleX and quadruplex systems, thisis .ac 'co'nrs` Vplishe'd' very simply-ina mannerwell known 'to `those skilledin the-art of telegraphyjbnt in-Wireless-telegraphy the peculiar dlfiiculties the circuit connections in transmitting an receiving systernsyas connections, and also the eXtreme sensitive,h

operationof breakingmorediiicult ,11nd, so iar as fI am advised, nosystern chas `-ylet beenfdevised whereby such operationmay be,l effected., In all the.embodimentsof. the

resent inventionI accomplish the h'e're`inbening of the downstroke ofthe key, automat-3 ically short-circuiting the receiving system.

ground,v1 and -clcsin the.'{Kiefer-circuit."- In that embodiment of tepresent invention rendered inoperative by the circuit 4jmentlof mylinvention sho'Wnin Fig, 7 there- Aceiver .is `rendered inoperative by A.physically separatingthe parts thereof.' By the phrase in the specification andclaims I desire to be understood as meaning 'an operation whereby -ous fthat although lhave described -in this intention to llimit myself.. tothe vparticular 'means'disclosed for rendering-thereceiver in- -in which it is includedfvvhjle -in t at'embodi# f the receiver rendered incapable of perfornfb ing' its natural functions, and it Will be obviifv specification only two'waysof effecting thisv i result-many other `ways will readily occur-toi.l l those skilled in the art,.s0 that it isl'notnmy dperativ'e as aforesaid, since I"1co1 1siderany,`

suitable'rneans Within they scopeof myinven# have hereinshow'n for the purpose of more l clearly illustrating invention oneparticu.-

lar-form` ofoscillationlresponden or receiver.;H

tion.` It islt'o beunderstood-thatalthough I' namelsy,anelectrolyticreciverf nevertheless my invention isnot'limited intem provided with such aurece be used connection with an ceiver.

a asma-sys; uitable the depression ofthe key for the purpose of sen ing' a signal-the `first :operations-ef#- .ectedfare 'the separation-of .thetwjoicc'n'tacts,-V iwhichyin the normalposition fof the key-are ceiver Y1l?inoperative orfincapableofr i ingand ytheclesure oijthe contact 7c, l' ere they occurpi'ior to 'the closure of Athe cfo 't closed at 7c, andthe opening of the circuit 71:. r IVM-P LWL T cf-f thereby rendering' t'h'e 're-f vact' j fkjand the consequent energization-b -ythe A ti'ensmitti'ngmircuitt The-closurefofthe cirshown' as Ia screvv coperatingwith aspi-'ii1g`.l .Theseftwo operations-maybe simultaneous or 'successive,2all=that is. I'iece'ssary- A ei'ng irland causesth'e armature vtynorinallyfheld f against/'its backstop b, to clc'sethecontaetllqf, therebyeoimecting the'transmittingsystem j to fearth 'at .E iand' `automatically 'short-cire; cuiting the receiving system: Thetransmit.

IIC

ting-system now beingconnecteddirectly to earth, the fre'ceiving system -beingshoit-cjr-, cuited, andthe'cil'cuit of .the receiver'bein'g: y

opened, the-systemy in condition-,for trans/-A mating, and the-further nepi-@espn xfa@ r 4 tlzo key Kfeffects such'transmission bsure of" the circuit containing these f current developed'in the 'primary 1 ,-is transformed "into -a 'highepo'tentia-l current 1in the transformer M and the. contact '70', thereby energizing the 'transmitting l s iystem'.By such-closure ofthecontactflc thezalte'rna'ting.

secondary vIz?, `and such curentichar'ges *the i condenser() V`to `a corresponding high poten' tial. The dischargefof said eo'ndenseracross l the gap Sgdevelops high-potentialhigh Hire-,"5A

7O mrendering the receiver inoperative as used '1s 1 nected to the transmitting system; 4This-rev ated-transmitting-conductor system Eot o "harmonic 'in form 4if asV set forth'in United.

Manos 1 qlency electrical iiscillations in the sonorous c ouitQSL'. These oscillations are .simple States. Letters; Patint Nos. 714,832 `and y 767,984 the windings-of the transformer 'MV are so'spatially related as to .render the sono-l rous circuit the equivalent of a circuit'havinga i' single degree of freedom, While such rela- 'tionbetween the windings' 4of said trans` former is preferred, it will be understood that .myinvention `is not limited thereto, but' is capable of a plication to any system irrespective of the crm-.of the oscillations developed therein or the Waves transmitted therefrom.

At the point o the receiving, system is conceiving system' for fthe' purpose of more clearly illustrating my invention is shown as embodying the system of circuits` describedA in United States Letters Patent No.,767,994,"

and reference may be had thereto' for a more completedescription than need .be setforth herein of the manner in whichthe reactance 'of the elevatedconductor 'per se, the coil I2, and the coil L is balanced by the reactance ofthe parallel br'anch circuit-Cf?1 I, for a persistent Vtrain of. Waves of tlrefre quency. to which the resonant receiving-circuit I, C2 is attuned. I-twill be noted that system is a point whichduring the operation the point of connection of the receivin system to the. elevatedstfansmittingecon uctor ofthe transmitting system has practically zero potential to ground, because during transmission this point is connected to learth by a conductor of practically zero impedance,

s o that the'potential ofthe receiving system asa Whole is practically zero. Durin such ltransmission, even when oscillations. o large current value are beingfdeveloped in the ele- I, V, there'is developedbetween the points o`o, which form the terminals of the receiving system, practically no difference of potential,

' apparatus.l Sofar-` as bined transmitting and recevin 'heretofore been devised in whic ing system.is"-connected to the transmittingor at least ynot a sufficient dierence of potential to `damagedelicate arts of the receiving l) am aware no comsystem has 'the receivsystem at a `oint which during transmission has practica yzero otential to ground, and this,being asalient eatureof my invention,

inasmuch as thereby the operator may retain the ,head-telephone inposition during transmission With safety `is hereinafter" claimed broadly,` irrespectivek of the character ofthe transmittingsand receiving systems, the character;` yofthe receiver, or thefcharacter of the means :employed -for rendering the receiver Yinrerative duringtransmission;

hen the operator hasfdepressed the Akey toits fullffextent for a, sufficient length of time toprodu'ce the desiredsignal element, the 'key 1s .allowed to regain its normal position and theffollwing cycle of operations-is eected: First the contact cvis opened, there- I .by denergizing the transformer M", and,

able interval-of time after the opening of the contact 7c', and accordingly the armature t of the relay r, which may be a sluggish relay,l

second, the contact c is opened an apprecif' l is retracted against .its back-sto an appre 'ciable interval of'time after t ve opening of' the aforesaid contact` 7c, thereby lun.-

groundin .the transmitting system and' automatical y opening at the point c" the 'short circuit. around the receivin system. The obj ect of makingv the relay r s uggish in itsa-ction, as well as providing for'the-time interval between the o ening of the contacts k and lc', is to permit t e com lete subsidence of electrical'- movement in t e' transmittingy systemmultan'eously with vthe denergization ofthe yrelay r, or before or after such -denergization, the closureof the contact 7c is effected, therebyg'enderin'g the receiver operative.

vbefore breaking its connection to earth. Sif Y An appreciable' interval of time mustelapse between thesending ofsignal elements, and it .is during such intervals of time when the keyis in its'normal position thatJ 'the sending operator, who sends with thel headtelephone 'lplaced over his ears, may` ascertain that 4 lthe receiving operator at the v'distant station Said receiving opera-` tor. having failed to understand a portion of is signaling Hbreak.

the message transmitted to his.st atlonfde-v presses vhis. sending-keyv immediately 'jupon such failure vto understand awordor portion of a message and, sends a predetermined sig'f nal indicating that he wishesfthe transmis- 'l IIO tions areofsuchfrequency'that for them the elevated-receiving-conductor)system V I2 oy L I '1,' C, o E has zero reactance, sothat Veloped in the resonantreceiving-circuit andy create at theterrninals 'of the condenser Cff a suiiicientdiereneeof potential to vcause the oscillationresponsive device P to respond and produce al' signalin the vtelephone T:-

currents ofrelatively large amplitude. arede- This signal is" an indication tothe tran'smitflting voperator that the receiving operator is signaling breaky'f and he thereupon ceases his transmission vand receives from thereceivlng operator instructlons concerning the.v

repetition desired by said 'receivingv operaton-4 'l Iffthe; oscillations createdfin `theelevated 'conductor byy the Waves sent out from the distant recelving-station,Whose operator de, 13c

55 f Fig. 5.1 rFor the purpose of moref clearly ,aires to bleak-.are created when the key is down, it is obvio-us that such .oscillations will not effect' the operation of receiver' P;

but it will be observed that as soon as'tlie key..

'is again vin its normal position the oscilla-f tions will affect the receiver, andthe transmitting operator will thenreceive the break; signal. and cease to send.

The device W in Figs. A'1, 5, 6, .and'es'pecially in Figs. 7 and. 8, is knownin the art as the Wollaston anode and .consistsof .a wird.

Very large' as compared lwith the silyer-coat--" ed lplatimirn Wollaston wire, inclosedin af 'capillarytubc and having 'its end; surface '-1 .shall now descrlbe one s eciiic'embodi- `ated devices whereby the aforesaidlcycle ot nient of the key 'K and auXi i-ary or associ-4^ oper-ations may be etfectedi Referring to Fi .-2,1 1s a; base containing vthebase-plate 2 o Ithe key7 which is piyoted totlie 'standards 2 bythe' screws 3 v3 in the usual `:manner The' key-arm 4 is provided at 'one'end with a ngerpiece 5 Aand at the other f end with .a contact member 8,. made,

" preferably; oft-'silver or other metal Whose vapor is nonconducting- 'For the purpose of simf lifying Fig. 2I the contact member 9,

l lwhich the lower contact member -8 cooperatesfhas been omitted'-from Figf2 and' is shown invFig. -3gsupported from -across- 4,0.

piece :'11, whichIis-'rnountedj upon a standard 10, securedto the'base vby screw 12. Supported byfand' pivotedl to'thestandards 13 13" is amd-.14, preferably of insulating materiaL-carryinga projection 15, "which is provided with an adjusting-screw 16the'end of which rests upon the ,key-arm'v 4. AboutmidW-ay between'v the standards 13 13 a screw 17, carrying lan adjustable Weight 1'8,

is passed through 'the rod 14, whereby the screw' 16 is'heldin contact with rod 4 and the strips 19 and 20.aro held in contact with the' plates 19 20'., respectively, which connect with the osoll'ationfresponder by the conductor 21 in the one case and by .direct con-,- tact in lthev otherfas shown more plainly in illustrating the invention the 'contactstrip 20 isshown assecured to the' under side,and the contact-strip 19 as securedl to the upper side, of the rod 14. Secured to the standards 2l2is an adj usting-screw '23, cooperating with the member 24, which carries one member of the oscillation-res onder-in' the present 'casey the anode o r Wol aston electrode 'of thieelecfv trolytic receiver-for the purpose of effecting woes@ a relative movement betweensaid anode andA its cooperating cell. The connections shown in Figs. Zand and marked To R connect i :the contact-stris-ll and-2O with the adjust Y able' nesistance .of the potentiemeter.` It will now be obvious that upon a Very slight depression of the key K the rod 14 wil-l be rotated about its pivots and the .contacts ot the strips 1Q and 20 with the plates v1 Qand 201iivill be broken,v thus breaking the connections of the oscillationresponder with the pof tentiometer, an operationwhich in purely diagrammatic `forro is illustrated ifn Fig. 1, in which` a very slight der'res'si-on of the key K .opens at 'the point le the circuit of the oscillationresponder l). v 'j i, v In that particular embodiment of my in.-

yention shown in 2 the means whereby lfthe gronndingof the transmitting systemand the. short-circuiting of the receiving system are effected is shown in planviewat the upper right-hand corneroi 2 and in end the. purpose of base of the keynear the end of the arm 4 is a .block 25, carrying a standard 26,11pon which elevation in Fig. -4, althou' h said meanslias been orr'iitted from Fig. 3 or simplifying tbe drawing. Mounted upon the another block 27 is held in adjusted positionL by the' screw 31. rih'e block' 27 carries twol projections 23, between which is pivoted by pivots '29 abent lever 30, one end of which; I

.rests under the keyfarm 4 and the other end of Whichcarries the contaebscrew 32, which by means of the spring is drawn into contact with the metal plate 33 when the arm 4 IOC 1 is raised. .A conductor 33 connects said piaiess with the tindi posi 33, and a ,conductor 32 connects t e screw `32 to a binding-post 32". (Shown in Fig. 2.) As indicated on Fig'. 4 and on Fig.'2, the bindingposts 32" and 33 .are connected to the relay 121 By suitably adjusting the height of the block 27 it will be obyiousthat the screw 32 maybe made to contact theplate l33 at the 'same ltime or shortly after the strips 19 and IIO 20 have opened thel circuit of the receiver-P and before the contact member 8 strikes the contact memberA 9 and closes the power-circuit through the' transformer-primary l. This oper-ation is indicated purely diagrammatically in Fig. 1. by the contact kbetween l i a screw inserted through the key 'and a spring. The' last of the aforesaid cycle of op erations is effectedwhenthe key has been fully l'depressed and the silver blocker contact member 8 brought into contact with the silver blockvf..orcontact member 9, an opera.- tion indicated in diagrammatic form in Fig. 1 by the contact k. It will now be obvious thatas the key is brought to its normal position by the spring .adjustedv by the screw 6, such-normal position being determined by` n thelscrew 7., the contact member 8 leaves its cooperating member'Q, the arm 4 by striking the inner end of the loyer 3G causes thelcon- .l inf connection with thefuses F F., prot-ect the 1 apparatus operated by saidsending device'for 35" i. 'sendingidevicefisin one position. andfor au- 'I I4'o.

" andfor-automatically'putting saidsystemin- I 65, m aticaliy y of: the condenseracross the'l gap.- The ad van-tagesof using zinc-.are-.that-it absorbsv the: oxygen from the-n-itroiisfaoid .created by the spark-discharges and'iXes'fit and; also-that words; a gap having 'zincelectrod'es is anonce 'arcinggapi- }Tl 1e condensers-G C,shunted' by the gaps sisi and-havingftheir middle plates connected to earthft e ci respectively and.theearth f connection E are^protective devices which7 apparatus from excessive; tens nerthat will be obvious; e

`A.Although forv the .purpose of more clearly disclosing myy invention I1 have described Witligreat p articularityseveral specific systems o ii circuits and severalspecic mechanicalrdevices, itis tohe understood thatlIdozof notv limit myself tfo any of said systems or de-` vices', inasmuch: asmany modifications-.may be nrade'theiieinwithout departingfirom. the

ions-inaman spirit-lof my invention; Ifclaimf-mv '25, 17'.' In awspace-telegraph system, an ele vvatedtr-x insmittin '-'conductor` systemand a: I receivin'fr; system aving its terminals connect'ed eret-o ata point whichrduring trans' 4-mission has practically zero"4 potential toofground.y

"In aspace-teiegraph'system, areceiver, an;Y ,elevated conductor., means assoclatin said receiver therewith, a sendingdevice an' fautomatically putting said system' inl condi-5 tion-:for receivingby grounding said elevatedy conductor through said means-'when 'said tomatiallyputtingsaid system inconditionf for,` transmittinfrr' short-circuiting said means and herby-connectin vs'aid'felevated -oonductordirectly't'o-e'arthw en said send# v ixig.;deviceis in another position.:

35j In:'asspacef-telegraph systemya receiver.,

.anf elexaatedfconductory means-"associat-in said-receiver iherewitirI a sendingfdevic'ean yappara-tfus1;operated by sai'dfsendingrdevice. fori-automatically putting-saidsystemin con.- ditjioi for' reoeirvin 1 byvgrounding' said elce 5o" vfat'ed condnct'orgtrough said means when said; sendingdeviceisin its normalposition l. condition fbntransmittingby shortecircuit-f ing-'said meansandfthereby ,connecting said elevatedG-conductor'directly to. earth when saidfisending'A vde'viceis` inl another-' position.

' 4j?. Ina1space-telegrapli=system, areceivcr; ani" elevated conductongl" means f associating` said `receiver therewith; asendingekeyfandapparatus operatediby said sending-key for. automatically putting: said system= in; conditicnfforreceiving? by grounding; said elevated.

condi; breng-h1 said meansfwh'enrssaid Sending inone position and for auto.-

n0", said s stem.v in conditiondan Y .Y

Tmitting system in`cludi nff..a power;-cir"cuit;v areceiving syster n,..`v Ian.. -e evat-ed' conductor, fmeans associatingsaidv receiv-n 1f-system" therewith, 4ar'sending-key provide with:A der vices for 'closingjand opening. .saidzpowerl-cir cuit, and apparatus.operated` by saidix'sendf-f .ing-'key for automatically pgiitting,s'air'l:`re'- ceivi'n" .system inconditionv-for receii .mg by groun ingl said?v elevated. conducto s aidi'me'answhen said: sendingflieylisin. such position that 'said powerecircuit is"opened.;1r and for automatically putting.saicltransmity ming-.system in condition for `transmitting;.;bel yfore saidfsendingk'ey is i nsiiclrpo'sitionthat:A said power.circuit4 isy closed -shortfcircuitf ing saidzmeans andi therebylco l.elevated?conductorfdireetly toeaith. I'n:a-spaceftelegraph.sys tem;a.t11ans iii.- ting` system-including.means for-energizin 1 vth'e'samel, a receivinggsystemicn elevate v'paratus operatedby said; s'e'ndin'gg evi l automatically p1ii'/i',ing-;.said'transmitting'sys- `temin condition for transmitting priorfto-the yenergi'zation thereoff by 'sho i nlieans andft-herebyr connecting f ondii'ctordirectly tj'ofearthf andfon aime mat14 f'ically puttingsaidmeceirvingsysten incendie tion for'receiving: gization.y ",o'. .sai il* f grou 'ding. 'said saidl means.-

means andI thereby connectin saidV elevated conductor directly toearth W len said-.sendo. ing-key is in another position.' 5. In a spac e-teleg raphsystem,areceiveig-` anv elevated conductorJ means yassociatin saidy receiver therewith, aj'sendingkey an apparatus-operated by said 's'endingekey for automatically putting(said-system: inV condigj tionl for receivingby grounding said"l elevated; conductor ,through said! means when. said-f' sendingfkey is-in itsnormal position. and for automatically puttin "said systen'rin-:condiz-y y tion fortr'ansmitting 'shortfcircuitingsaid-f f means and thereby connectin said{elevl'ated! 8ol conductor directly ytde'arthww enfsaidi sende ing-key isinjanother position. 6. In a space-te1egr-aphfsystem;a trans;- .y

vnnecti-ng., said* conductor,4 means associa-ting, Vsaid .receivingr system therewith', asendingldeyic 'and' lrcuiting, said?v ls aidelevated subsequent ytofthel deneiilf j .transmitting system phy; elevated;conduetorg-throug ajreceiverfanlelevatedgcondiietor, meaxisasf sociating saidi'receivezcv therewithy. and'. apparm 'ratus asso'ciadi'with said transmitting; and;`

vmittingi syst'omg ,ai'receizving/,fsystemincluding arreceiver,y air elevated; conductor?. meansras;u

sociatmgi saidlI re'oeiinngpv em therewith; a I 30 gmini system?! a'. miie- 1 y mitting systeirr7 'areceiyingrsystemtincludinga sending device associated vith 4saidtransmit'- ting and'rece'ivi-ng systems; and apparatus -operated by said se riding devicefor rendering said receiver inoperative, short-circiii'tm said means, .thereby directly grounding sai elevated conductor, and" energizing said transmitting system.. g 10. In a space-telegraph system, j a trans- -mitting system, a receiving system .including a receiver, an elevated conductor, means as 'sociating said receiving system V"thei'evvith, a

,dition for -transmittin mitting system, a receiving lciating said recei'vin sending device, and v apparatus operated by.

said device for puttingf said system inconby rendering said receiverinoperative, `s ort-circuiting said '11. In aspace-telegraph system, a trans;

a receiver, an elevated conductor, means assoi system therewith, and apparatus assoclate said' transmitting and kreceiiiiig'systems for breakingy thecir'- `cuit of saidfreceivem 1 means, therebyv( iirectly vg'froiinding said transmittingjsystem. j 12. In a. space-tel short circuitingv said elevated conductor, Aand then'. energizing said mitting system, a receiving sys tem including `a receiver, an .elevated conductor, 'means associatingisaid receiving system therewith, a `sendingkey associated with said transmitting' and receiving systems, and apparatus o erate'd by' said key for, .breaking the circuit thereby directly .o 'said receiver, short-circuitirig said means, rounding said 'elevated conductor', andr t en developing electrical oscillations in said transmittiiigsysteni. l 13. .In a space-telegraph system, a transmitting system, a receiving system including a' re c eiver, an elevated conductor, means associating said receiving system therewith,

. a1 sendingrkey and apparatus operated by4 saidkey for putting lsaid system in condition by breakingthe circuit of .y .said receiver, vshort-circuiting said means -and thereby directly grounding vsaid elefr transmitting i vated conductor.

' during 14. Ina space-telegraph system, a transmitting system, a receiving'- system, an elevated conductor, means associating said receiving system therewith, a sending device, anda paratus' operatedby said sending de.-

vice or' protectingy said. v receiving system the operation` of said transmitting systenrjby short circniting'gsaid means an "means for indicatingto'the transmitting op"- 'mitting system,

eiator, duringthe time .intervals between Yhis' signal elements, thata receiving operator at -annther station is sending a signal. 15. Ina space-telegraphsystem, a transa receiving system, an ele- `vatedv conductor normally; grounded through ,said receivifn'g'-system,- a1s'ending1 key. and

`means operated saidfoi' successively i and receiving apparatus,

systemincludingsaid magnetically-o ven rated device.

bina'tiqn wit short-.circuiting said receiving system, theresaid elevated conf ductor', and eveloping electrical ld`scillations in said transmitting system.V

16.-. In a spaceftele' aph system, al transmitting system, a receiving system, an clef vated conductor normally grounded through said receiving system and' means for succeselevated conductor, and creating' electrica-l oscillations in saidftransmittingsystem.

a receiver, .an elevated .conductor, means associatin lsaid receivingsystem therewith,.'

sendin said sending device forv siiccessivelyl rendersaid receiver'- inoperative,

evice, a nd apparatus operated by ing said. means and energizing saidtrans-l mittin systemi"` v.18.' n a space-telegraph system',a transimitting system, a receiving system, an ele vated conductor normallygrounded through said receiving system, a'sending deviceand apparatus operated-by said sendin .device vfor successively short-circuiting sai receivingsystem, thereby directly grounding said elevated conductor, f transmitting system,

Vand energizing 'said 19.A In a spac'eetelegrapli system, a trans-` mitting system, a receiving system, an elevated conductor normally grounded through` said receiving system,.a. sending-key and means' operated by said sending-key for thereby directly grounding said elevated conL dictor.

20. .In a space-tele'graph system', a trans- I ioff,

mitting system, a receiving system, afeleshort circuiti ,-sively short-circuiting said vreceiving system, I thereby directly4 grounding said a receivingsystem including IOC `short-circuiting said receiving systemand vated conductor, means associating said' receiving. system therewith, a magneticallyoperated means, thereby directly grounding said ele'A vated conductor, and a sending device prodevice for short circuiting said vided with 4means for closing the circuit of 2L. In a s ace-te egraph system,

the com-f' l bination` Wit a transmitting and receiving,

system -at .the same station, ofmeans controlled bythe sending device of the trans-- 2 3.' 'In as ace-telegraph system, the conitransmitting and receiving ap- Aparatus at the same station, of'A an elevated conductor associated withA said transmitting a sendingrv device,

`45- zcro dili'erence.of'potcntial-:during transmjs..

.and means operated Aby said sending device for protecting said receiving' apparatus by short-'circtiiting the sanftev during the operation of saidn transmitting apparatus and g means for indicating to the trarlsnlitting'operator, daring thev time intervals between llissignal" elements, that "a receiving operator at another station is sending a signal. a,

214'. In a space-telegraph system, an elero vated conductor, a sourceA of electrical oscill'ations'7 means associating said elevated con# ductor and sail source of electricalosfilllaticiv and a receiving system serially con? .llected with said elevated 'conductor betweenl thelower end of the aforesaid means and the earth connection of said elevated 'conductor'. 25.-.In a space-telegraph 'sys-tern, an ele vatcdcondnctor, a source oiclectri'cal oscilla-- tions, .means 4for inductively translating the 2o emargy;v of said 'electrical oscillations t'the said elevated conductor, anda receiving sys@ v.tcm serially connected with -said' elevated f conductor-'between'the lower end of the aforesaid means and 'hecartlrconnection of. said,

26. In a/spacatelegraph system'yan ele-- vated conductor,-4 an oscillation-circuit, an ifi--y the earth' connection -of,"said elevated* con- ,y l ducto.; 'i

in a space-'telegranh' system,l an .cles vated transmitting-conductorsystem, a re cci-ving system'connected thereto atapoint E .which transmission'has practically j 4o zero'potential'lto vgroundav sending' "device and mcanscontrolled therely fdr'connecting saidreceiving. system to' saidelevated 'trans-` .mit-ting' 'conductor .systeizn-v `betwf'aen :two points across'which Athere exists a' practically' 28. Ina spacetclegraphsystem, a'n ele@y vated condnc'tr,l means whereby electrical j oscillati0ns lmay badevcloped therein. anda 5d -ieceiving system serial-ly' connected A ,isaidcleva'ted conductor, between 'the 'f earth connection "thereofand the point et associa# tion otsaid means'therewith.- 9. Ina space-telegraph 1 system# ariv ele ed condilctor, vrrzifeails whereby-electiica oscillations lmay be jde v"el j edftheijem are@ y ceivin'g system serially connecte, 'wwithsai elevated conductor betweeiithe" earth-lcon necti'on `thereof andi the. point of association. of said means thcrewith', a1id 'means for ...pr-.0&2 tccting said receiving systern :during thejdej` velopment ofroscillationsffin saidf'zcndilctorg4 30. In a space-,telegraph systemQ'jan-elef vated conductor, .a'nf :scillation#producer,

means associating saidoscillation-producer ceivin system, ia, sending device 'and means with Sais elevada .Goma-satana a rasa- {ng system serially connected with said eIevated conductor; between said means the;

eartlli connection of! saidconductor.

31..'-nl a space-telcgraphlsystcm, an ele 7o vated conductor, anoscillation-producer', 'means associating said oscillationfproducer witlfi said yelevzfxated' conductor, a receivin system serially connected with said clevateconductor between saidfmeans and the eartlr eonnectieno said conductor, and me'ansfor fprotccting said receivi-n "system during the operation of' said oscillamen-prodncer.v I

Ina space-telcgrapl'isystemfan'eleL 89 vated conductor, means -whercb34-f electrical oscillations vmay bedeveloped therein, av

sending device controlling lsaid means, a re-` 1 I eeiving system connected between the earth connection-cf said elevated conductor and the point of association of said meanswith saidvcendnetot, and means centrolled'by the :said sending. deviceorconnecting: said ele-y a vated conductor directly to eartl and short`v :i: I

circuitingsaid receiving system. y .33. In a 'space-telegraph' system`,f.an ele-feov vained' comluctorJ an oscillaticnfprcdricer,fa sending. device controlling said oscilla-tiem f prodncer,mcans associating 'said o'scillat io"nA producerwitlr' said elevated conductonfafreeciving'- system 'connected to said elevated-95 condnctorfbetween said means andthe"earth"r` Y connection of saidv conductor, and` means controlled by saidsendin device for: con?, necting -s'aidelevated ,conductor-[directly to @-34.111 a space-telegraphsystem; anf-ele'f vated cdndct'olg .an inductancefi'nclnded in saidelevatcd,cndnctona receiving s stem',` serially connected .-with. said elevate 0011-'V [O5 ductor between the lower end Yo fsaid induct -ance and the earthlconnection of'said-.conl 5- '4 dilater, means associated with .said inductance for-developing electrical oscillations in l. A I Ic` protecting saidreccivingsystem during the .4

said elevated conductor, and apparatus for :development ,of oscillations, in said elevated Oxond'uctor by sai'd means;

in .aispase-teiegssph system, an ele.-

'vmgsysteim one' terminalof Which-is icona 'nec' 'ed to said transmitting system at apoi'nt` having 4pra ctically zero potential .tof ground a sendingdcviceandmeans controlled therebyforconnecting thelother terminal oi' said .receiving s'ystei'n to said' elevated transmitting-,conductor system at a' pol which Vdur- -uctor system hetweentwope nts across j. 1 zo.

eedeoe ing transmission has practically zero potential to ground.

37. In a space-telegraph system, an'elevated transmitting-conductor system,'a receiving system 4.and means connecting thevv terminalsoi said 'receivingv systemx-dui'in'g transmission to said elevated transmittingi conductor, system'at a point which vdurinl transmission hasfpractically zero potentia to ground.' n

38. In a 'space-telegraph.. ,system an eleyated transmitting-conductor system, a receiving system, a sending'device and means controlled thereby for. connecting theterminails ofv said receiving lsyst'eii during transmission to said elevated-transmitting-conductor system at a point which during transground.

mission has practically zero potential to 39. In space-telegraph system, an 'elevated transmitting-conductorsystem, a sendkv w.

ing device,J a receivingsystem.having-one terminal connected feto said elevated tr'ansttingconductor s vstem at a point, a conuctor'ofjpractical y zero impedance con- Inectingsaidpoint to earth, and a conductorv of practically zerofmpedance .controlled by said sending devicefor connecting the other terminal of said receiving system to the aforesaid point,v

40.l In a space-.telegraph system, 4an eleL vated conductor, aA source of electrical oscillations,.means associating said elevated con- "ductor and 'said source of electrical oscilla- 35,

tions,` vafrecei'viir'g"system connected to said g,l elevated'conductorbetween the lower end of f the aforesaid means 'and the earth vconnection i of'said-'elevated conductor, a sending device `and means controlled thereby for shortcircuiting said receiving system. l

41. In a space-'telegraph system, an elevatedconductor, a source oi *electrical oscillations,r mea-ns for inductively translating the energy of said electrical oscillationsto said elevated` conductor; a receiving system'. connected to said l elevated conductor 'be-- tween the lower end of thef aforesaid means and the earth connectionf"of"sfaid elevated conductor, a 'sending device: and means. controlled therebyio'r short-circniting' said receiving system." y vj 42. In a space-telegraph system, fan elevated conductor, an4 oscillatingcircuit, an indiic'tance included in said elevatedconduc'- tonen' inductance included. in said oscillav `tion-circuit, a receiving system connected to said elevated conductorA betweentlie lower end of the inductance which is included in saidelevated cond-uctorand the earth connection ofsaid elevated conductor, a sending device and means controlled thereby for short-circuiting said receiving system.

43. 4In a space-telegraph system, an elevate'd conductor, -means whereby electrical oscillations may be developed therein, a sending device controlling said means, a receiving system connected between the earth connection of said elevated conductor and the pointvof association of said means with said conductor and means controlled by said sending device for short-circuiting said receiving-system. l

44. In espace-telegraph system, an elevatedconductor, an oscillation-producer, a

sending ldevice controlling said oscillation-v producer, means associatin said oscillation-- prc'ducer'with said elevate conductor, a receiviiig system connected to said elevated conductor between said means and. the earth connection of said conductor, and means concuit-ing said receiving system.v

.t'rlled' by said sending device for short-cir- 1.45, In a space-telegraph system, a receiven-an elevated conductor, means associating said receiver therewith, a sending device anfd apparatus' operated by saidsending device for.,autom'aticallyputting said system in conditionfor'r'eceiving by grounding said elevated ,conductor through said means when "s'aidfsending device is in one position and for automaticallyk puttin saidisystem in condition `fortransmitting l means when said sending device is in another position.v

46. In a space-telegraph system, a receiver, an elevated conductor,l means associating said receiver therewith, a sending device and apparatus operated by said sending y short-circuiting said device for automatically'putting saidV system i infcondition for receiving by grounding said elevatedc'onductor through said means when said sending device is in its normal position and for automatically putting saidv system in condition'i'or transmitting byvshort-circuiting said means' when said sending device is in I vanother position.

IOC

In testimony whereoi I have hereunto 

